Voltage Conversion Formulas
Complete formulas for converting between different voltage units including volts, millivolts, kilovolts, and specialized electrical measurements.
⚡ Basic Voltage Unit Conversions
Standard Voltage Prefixes
Millivolts to Volts
Example: 1,500 mV
1,500 mV = 1.5 V
Volts to Kilovolts
Example: 13,800 V
13,800 V = 13.8 kV
Microvolts to Millivolts
Example: 2,500 µV
2,500 µV = 2.5 mV
Voltage Relationships
RMS to Peak Voltage
Example: 120 V RMS
120 V RMS = 170 V peak
Peak-to-Peak Voltage
Example: 170 V peak
340 V peak-to-peak
🔌 Common Voltage Levels Reference
| Application | Voltage (V) | Alternative Units | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battery AA | 1.5 | 1,500 mV | DC |
| USB Power | 5 | 5,000 mV | DC |
| Car Battery | 12 | 12,000 mV | DC |
| Household (US) | 120 | 0.12 kV | AC RMS |
| Industrial 3-Phase | 480 | 0.48 kV | AC RMS |
| Distribution | 13,800 | 13.8 kV | AC RMS |
| Transmission | 138,000 | 138 kV | AC RMS |
🔬 Advanced Voltage Calculations
Voltage Divider Formula
Output Voltage
Example: 12V, R1=10kΩ, R2=5kΩ
Output: 4 V (4,000 mV)
Required Resistor Ratio
Need 3.3V from 5V supply
If R1 = 1kΩ, then R2 = 1.94kΩ
Use R2 = 2kΩ (nearest standard)
Transformer Voltage Relationships
Turns Ratio Formula
120V to 12V transformer
Primary: 1000 turns
Secondary: 100 turns
10:1 step-down transformer
Power Relationship
12V secondary at 5A load
Secondary power:
Primary current:
Primary: 120V at 0.5A