Parts Per Conversion Formulas
Master concentration and dilution calculations with comprehensive formulas for parts per million (PPM), parts per billion (PPB), and parts per trillion (PPT).
📐 Basic Conversions
Basic Unit Conversions
PPM to Percentage
Example: 5,000 PPM
5,000 PPM = 0.5%
PPB to PPM
Example: 5,000 PPB
5,000 PPB = 5 PPM
PPT to PPB
Example: 3,000 PPT
3,000 PPT = 3 PPB
⚖️ Mass-Based Formulas
Mass-Based Concentration Formulas
PPM (mass/mass)
Equivalent: 1 mg/kg = 1 PPM
Most common concentration unit
PPB (mass/mass)
Equivalent: 1 µg/kg = 1 PPB
For trace contamination
PPT (mass/mass)
Equivalent: 1 ng/kg = 1 PPT
For ultra-trace analysis
🧪 Volume-Based Formulas
Volume-Based Concentration Formulas
PPM (volume/volume)
1 mL/m³ = 1 PPM by volume
Gas phase concentrations
Gas Concentration
C = mg/m³, MW = molecular weight
At standard conditions
Dilution Formula
For diluting concentrated solutions
Conservation principle
🌍 Environmental Formulas
Environmental Monitoring Applications
Water Quality (TDS)
EC = Electrical Conductivity (μS/cm)
Total Dissolved Solids estimation
Air Quality Index
Converting PPM to AQI values
Air quality assessment
Soil Contamination Risk
Risk assessment from soil PPM levels
Human health risk evaluation
📊 Conversion Reference Table
| Unit | Scientific Notation | Decimal | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent (%) | 1 × 10² | 0.01 | General concentrations |
| PPM | 1 × 10⁻⁶ | 0.000001 | Water quality, air pollution |
| PPB | 1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.000000001 | Trace contaminants |
| PPT | 1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.000000000001 | Ultra-trace analysis |
💡 Practical Examples
Real-World Applications
Drinking Water
EPA limit for lead: 15 PPB = 0.015 PPM
Health safety standards
Air Quality
CO safety limit: 50 PPM = 50,000 PPB
Workplace safety limits
Food Safety
Pesticide residue: 0.1 PPM = 100 PPB
FDA contamination limits